Nicotine is an alkaloid molecule. Synthetic nicotine is manufactured in a laboratory. Plant derived nicotine is produced in a tobacco plant. Both have the same molecular structure.

Synthetic nicotine is synthesized in a laboratory. SyNic™ uses a complex enzymatic chemical process.

SyNic™ is produced using Zanoprima’s patented enzymatic process in an FDA compliant pharmaceutical production facility. The key advantage over other processes is the high yield and “green chemistry” approach which leads to an environmentally friendly production process.

The quality of tobacco derived nicotine can vary due to residual materials extracted from the tobacco plant such as toxic chemicals, pesticides, and heavy metals. The higher the quality of the nicotine, the higher the price. Tobacco derived nicotine with similar high-quality characteristics to synthetic nicotine (such as purity and traceability), can be comparable in price to synthetic nicotine.

Zanoprima’s SyNic™ is price competitive with pharmaceutical grade tobacco-derived nicotine and is cheaper than comparative forms of synthetic nicotine due to its unique method of production.

Synthetic nicotine offers full traceability and an excellent environmental footprint. It is devoid of related alkaloids, pesticides, heavy metals, and tobacco related nitrosamines (TSNAs). It has no residual odour or taste.

Synthetic nicotine is used in various vape products, nicotine pouches, snus, and heated tobacco products.

Some manufacturers have used synthetic nicotine to circumvent regulations in the USA.

SyNic™ was developed to address concerns related to contaminants, lack of traceability, and a poor environmental footprint that besets plant-derived nicotine.

Zanoprima’s SyNic™ process is patented in over thirty-five countries. Zanoprima has successfully defended its patent in the USA. Hangsen Case - Consent Judgement

Zanoprima’s SyNic™ is produced using “green chemistry” principles to minimize waste production (enzymes, water as solvent, glucose as reactant). It is an environmentally friendly process when compared to the cultivation of tobacco and its extraction. It has a reduced carbon footprint, especially when compared to flue-cured tobacco. Zanoprima’s process produces water as a byproduct. In contrast tobacco growing consumes substantial amounts of water. Zanoprima's Environment Impact

a. Shelf life and stability- Similar.

b. Consumer experience- Lacks residual odour and taste leading to a smoother experience.

c. Levels of contaminants are extremely low.

d. Traceability is possible.

It is unclear why the pharmaceutical industry has not made a clean break with tobacco derived nicotine. It may be due to a lag in appreciating the benefits.

No. It is the same molecule with the same addictive potential as tobacco derived nicotine whether in cigarettes or NRTs.

No

6-Methylnicotine is a derivative of nicotine. It is not nicotine. Unlike nicotine, it has not been subject to clinical studies.

As manufacturers, consumers and regulators seek higher quality products, we believe they will turn to synthetic nicotine. In time it could displace plant derived nicotine in vape products, nicotine pouches, NRTs and related nicotine based emerging products.